Friday 24 April 2015

Nero's Guests - P.Sainath

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Pahgummi Sainath (1957). often referred to as the Asian Nobel 2007 winner of the Ramon Magsaysay award for Journalism Literature and Creative Communication Arts. He has worked with the Hindu for more than six years and considers himself a rural reporter. Amartya has been quoted as referring to Sainath as one of the world's great experts famine and hunger. His book Eeverbody Loves a Good Drought stories from India Poorest Districts, was published in 1996 and went on to become a national bestseller.

Nero's Guests is a documentary that was released in 2009. Directed by Deepa Bhaita, the documentary explored the Indian agrarian crisis through the eyes of the Rural Affairs Editor of the Hindu Newspaper, P..Sainath. The documentary is the largest journalistic body of work on the thread by the farming communities in India. Focusing on intimate stories of family life in such harsh conditions, as well an exploration of the suicides that were taking place at the time, the documentary exposed a side of India that few had seen, and compelled the government take to action.

The full documentary:


Questions:
  1. What is Sainath's motivation for making the documentary?
  2. Why does Sainath refuse to be one of Nero's guests?
  3. Discuss the significance of the title.
  4. Identify some of the shams that Sainath and his team uncover
  5. How does the documentary handle the delicate topic of suicide?
  6. What techniques were used by the crew to enhance the overall viewing experience  of the documentary?
  7. Did you find the documentary moving and compelling? Why? Why not?

Wednesday 22 April 2015

Casabianca - Ayyappa Paniker

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Hearing that Casablanca was dead,
the devil of a father washed his eyes with tears
of joy, and brought the brood of press reporters,
properly entertained, to take a look at the ashes
of his son, as he had read his school text book.
He heaped up the white ashes’on the ship’s deck:
empty tears in his eyes, he issued the press note:

‘These days you won’t find in all the three worlds
a son like mine—who obeys his father
out of filial love— “Wait on the deck,
till I come back” —And then when the ship
caught fire and the decks burned and turned
into ashes, and all the others leaped and ran,
and this sea of grief boiled, he stuck to my words...
Oh, why should I turn this example into mere poetry?
You must publish these details in the papers
And try to build up a new journalists’ code!’

‘Do you have by any chance a picture of your son?
I mean, one taken before he was turned into these ashes?’
Oh no, comrades, my son was that type;
He’d never have gone to where pictures are taken.
He did look more or less like me: so, sirs.
if you please, you can take a picture of mine.’

‘I’m here, very much here, oh Papa!’
The honey—sweet voice rang from the road. ‘This
son of yours had heard this story long ago; so, when
I saw the fire coming, I reached the shore.
I thought I could explain it when Papa came.
The old tale continues to be taught at school.
We must change the tale, and save the texts from worms.
Let not people say, this son blindly obeyed his father
and had no sense of his own; or, else, next time,
you should stand on the deck and then
will know that fires no joke. Then will you
celebrate my wisdom; and when my tale
is taught at school they should rewrite it thus:
the father hugged his son, who escaped
from the burning deck, and said:
“The world applauds your presence of mind;
disobedience in the literal sense—won’t it give
taste and flavour even to the reports ¡n the Press?”

For the third time did the father now
shed his tears—this time for the son alive.


For Analysis :
The poem 'Casabianca'  by Mrs. Felicia Dorothea Hemans
The boy stood on the burning deck
  Whence all but he had fled;
The flame that lit the battle's wreck
  Shone round him o'er the dead.Yet beautiful and bright he stood,
  As born to rule the storm;
A creature of heroic blood,
  A proud, though child-like form.
The flames rolled onhe would not go
  Without his Father's word;
That father, faint in death below,
  His voice no longer heard.
He called aloud'say, Father, say
  If yet my task is done?'
He knew not that the chieftain lay
  Unconscious of his son.
'Speak, father!' once again he cried,
  'If I may yet be gone!'
And but the booming shots replied,
  And fast the flames rolled on.
Upon his brow he felt their breath,
  And in his waving hair,
And looked from that lone post of death
  In still yet brave despair.
And shouted but once more aloud,
  'My father! must I stay?'
While o'er him fast, through sail and shroud,
  The wreathing fires made way.
They wrapt the ship in splendour wild,
  They caught the flag on high,
And streamed above the gallant child,
  Like banners in the sky.
There came a burst of thunder sound
   The boyoh! where was he?
Ask of the winds that far around
  With fragments strewed the sea!
With mast, and helm, and pennon fair,
  That well had borne their part
But the noblest thing which perished there
  Was that young faithful heart.

Songs of the final meeting - Anna Akhmatova



My breast grew helplessly cold,
But my steps were light.
I pulled the glove from my left hand
Mistakenly onto my right.

It seemed there were so many steps,
But I knew there were only three!
Amidst the maples an autumn whisper
Pleaded: “Die with me!”

I’m led astray by evil
Fate, so black and so untrue.
I answered: “I too dear one!”
“I too, will die with you…”

This is a song of the final meeting.
I glanced at the house’s dark frame.
Only bedroom candles burning
With an indifferent yellow flame

The Diameter of the Bomb - Yehuda Amichai


The diameter of the bomb was thirty centimetres
And the diameter of its effective range about seven meters,
With four dead and eleven wounded.
And around these, in a larger circle
Of pain and time, two hospitals are scattered
And one graveyard. But the young woman
Who was buried in the city she came from,
At a distance of more than a hundred kilometers,
Enlarges the circle considerably,
And the solitary man mourning her death
At the distant shores of a country far across the sea
Includes the entire world in the circle.
And I won’t even mention the crying of orphans
That reaches up to the throne of God and
Beyond, making
A circle with no end and no God.

The Rat - Ashoka Mitran

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Ganesan was angry , for two days in a row. He cursed the women of the house. They had left not a morsel behind, having completely cleaned up the kitchen before they retired for the night. They weren't naive women who could not understand his intent. His wife was about 40 years old and his sister was pushing 50 ; the daughter would soon be 13. There was not one left over crumb of anything; dosai, appalam, or coconut scrap. Where would he find the bait for the rat ?. Exasperated, he cursed them once more before going to bed.
It was not long before he was woken up. There was the distinct sound of the slanted bamboo pole that they use to hoist the clothes to dry. He could sense the rat circling around the foot of the pole. Oh, the sound grew louder, the rat must be climbing up using it as its ladder. The rat must have successfully climbed up to the storage partition overhead for the sound of the brass vessels against the walls could be heard. The rustling sound indicated the rat wading through the stacks of old newspaper. There was a sudden thump; the rat had jumped to the top of the wooden bureau; the rattling of the empty tins lying on top of the bureau was unmistakable. The rat then jumped from the bureau to the shelf nailed to the wall. There was silence for a while which was ominous. The suspense soon ended; there was a big sound of something pushed to the floor. Ganesan and his wife got up and switched the lights on. It was the dislodged lid of the oil jar and it had rolled down.
With eyes refusing open, his wife put the lid back and covered the jar with a basket. Ganesan was gritting his teeth all the while.
"If only we had some left-overs; what to do if everything is swept so clean?"
"What will I leave behind ? The Rasam or the Upma? Can you use upma as a bait in the rat trap?"
"Then , what is your big idea ?"
"I have none. If there is Dosai or Adai, we can leave a piece for the bait; as if we make dosai and adai daily at our home", she was equally pungent.
"Then let them have a field day"
His wife rummaged the vegetable basket and brought up a clove of a dried up shallot.
"Try this, she said".
"When did the rats ever grow fond of shallots?", he threw it down with disdain.
It must have hurt her, but she went back to sleep without a reply.
Ganesan could not bring himself to lie down and sleep. In a small hall of the house where 10 people cannot be made to sit or lie down, four or five rats are daily running riot, They tear up clothes, bite into tomatoes, drink up the oil left in the decanter, dislodge the lids on the tins and even spirit away the wick in the lamp in the recess on the wall where they keep the gods they worship.
Ganesan put on a shirt and slid a 25 paise coin in its pocket. He locked the door and left the house.
All the hotels had then been closed. Only the liquor shops and some small shops selling Betel leaves and nuts were open. All he wanted was a vadai, even a small piece of it would do.
Nowhere he could find that vadai; just the same bread, biscuit, banana that had been tried many times before without avail. Nothing seemed to be work except for those items fried in oil, be it Pakoda, papad or vadai. At such prices oil and pulses are selling, who is able to cook with these items in homes daily? Certainly not they. It has always been Rice Upma, Ravai Upma and Pongal followed by Ravai Upma, Pongal and Rice Upma and then followed by Pongal, Ravi Upma.... Ganesan was sick of Upma and Pongal; it must be likewise for the rats.
"Lucky bastards", Ganesan muttered to himself thinking of the rats and his misfortune. There was a political meeting in progress in a maidan at a distance. There were not more than 30 or 40 people around the podium. Ganesan wondered if he could stand there for a while and listen. The speaker was impressive. He was full of warnings. He warned Nixon, warned China, warned Britain, warned Pakistan and at the end even warned Indira Gandhi. If even just 1% of the warnings could reach the rats, they would have all run away and drowned themselves in the Bay of Bengal. Why don't the rats understand Tamil?
More than the speech something else there proved more useful to Ganesan. There was a push cart which had people milling around. The push-cart had a stove embedded in the center on which oil was on the boil and a variety of deep fried snacks were being dished out . People wouldn't wait for the fries to be scooped up in those long-handled porous ladles; they were snapped up briskly.
Ganesan took a place near the cart and stood there watching. There were about twenty Chilli Bajjis floating on the boiling oil like submarines. Somebody from the crowd was asking for Vadai. Ganesan also joined the call for vadai but the next round was also reserved for Chilli Bajjis for their demand was high. A car drove in; the man who got down from it ordered for a parcel of 6 Bajjis and walk in to the dark to ease himself. " At least for the next round switch over to Vadai", it was Ganesan call to the push cart vendor.
In the mean time, the original vadai enthusiast had become impatient and started to complain. The Vendor asked him to wait as just like him there was another person who as also waiting for the Vadai, as if it was some kind of a mitigating circumstance.
Ganesan felt a bit odd. Even when the push cart vendor asked him , "how many?" , he could not bring himself to say , "just one". He blurted out 'Two". While everybody was waiting for their turn to eat, he was waiting for a bait for the rats. If they were to know his real purpose....?
Ganesan was the first to be handed over the vadais, in a scrap of a local evening paper. The vadais were hot , crisp but oily. He couldn't hold them in his palms without shifting them from one hand to another.
When the reached home, it was impossible to take the keys of the house from the shirt pocket without soiling his shirt. He had to keep the vadais down and rub the oil on his legs, calf muscles and around the ankles.
He went in and laid the bait with one vadai and ate the other one. He knew it was not quite proper for a 50 year man to have deep-fried snacks late at night but took the discomfort that would follow as a repentence, so to say . He soon fell asleep.
It was dawn. The ill effect of last night vadai on his stomoch was unmistadkable. The rat's shrieks and moans from the trap had not woken him up at all as his wife told him later.
He left home carrying the trap in his hand. Though the rat was pressing its face to the wires of the trap, it couldn't be seen whether it was a small or a big rat. Does it make any difference , if it could knock flour tins down, roll lids off jars, tear into clothes and gnaw at vegetables.
Now the problem was to let the rat out in some distance.Not into the same gutter like last time, let me try the maidan, he thought to himself. It would take at least a month for it to find its way back. Who knows ? If not this rat some other rat is definitely going to take its place.
The urchins had gathered around him by now waiting excitedly for him to let the rat out. They were too much of a pester; he wished they kept the distance. Ganesan gently pressed open the wooden handle of the spring-loaded door of the trap.
The rat scurried haphazardly into the open. It was neither big or small. The boys were shrieking and one of them threw a stone at it. Ganesan tried to stop him. In the meantime, a crow suddenly swooped down on the rat and tossed it on its back. The rat ran faster but with a limp. Next time around the crow scooped up the rat in one fell sweep.
Ganesan felt sad for its fate. He looked into the trap and found the vadai in tact. It made him sadder still.


                                                   Translation by V, Ramanan

A London Cab Horse - Anna Sewell

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Jeremiah Barker was my new master's name, but as every one called him Jerry, I shall do the same. Polly, his wife, was just as good a match as a man could have. She was a plump, trim, tidy little woman, with smooth, dark hair, dark eyes, and a merry little mouth. The boy was twelve years old, a tall, frank, good-tempered lad; and little Dorothy (Dolly they called her) was her mother over again, at eight years old. They were all wonderfully fond of each other; I never knew such a happy, merry family before or since. Jerry had a cab of his own, and two horses, which he drove and attended to himself. His other horse was a tall, white, rather large-boned animal called "Captain". He was old now, but when he was young he must have been splendid; he had still a proud way of holding his head and arching his neck; in fact, he was a high-bred, fine-mannered, noble old horse, every inch of him. He told me that in his early youth he went to the Crimean War; he belonged to an officer in the cavalry, and used to lead the regiment. I will tell more of that hereafter.

The next morning, when I was well-groomed, Polly and Dolly came into the yard to see me and make friends. Harry had been helping his father since the early morning, and had stated his opinion that I should turn out a "regular brick". Polly brought me a slice of apple, and Dolly a piece of bread, and made as much of me as if I had been the "Black Beauty" of olden time. It was a great treat to be petted again and talked to in a gentle voice, and I let them see as well as I could that I wished to be friendly. Polly thought I was very handsome, and a great deal too good for a cab, if it was not for the broken knees.

"Of course there's no one to tell us whose fault that was," said Jerry, "and as long as I don't know I shall give him the benefit of the doubt; for a firmer, neater stepper I never rode. We'll call him 'Jack', after the old one—shall we, Polly?"

"Do," she said, "for I like to keep a good name going."

Captain went out in the cab all the morning. Harry came in after school to feed me and give me water. In the afternoon I was put into the cab. Jerry took as much pains to see if the collar and bridle fitted comfortably as if he had been John Manly over again. When the crupper was let out a hole or two it all fitted well. There was no check-rein, no curb, nothing but a plain ring snaffle. What a blessing that was!

After driving through the side street we came to the large cab stand where Jerry had said "Good-night". On one side of this wide street were high houses with wonderful shop fronts, and on the other was an old church and churchyard, surrounded by iron palisades. Alongside these iron rails a number of cabs were drawn up, waiting for passengers; bits of hay were lying about on the ground; some of the men were standing together talking; some were sitting on their boxes reading the newspaper; and one or two were feeding their horses with bits of hay, and giving them a drink of water. We pulled up in the rank at the back of the last cab. Two or three men came round and began to look at me and pass their remarks.

"Very good for a funeral," said one.

"Too smart-looking," said another, shaking his head in a very wise way; "you'll find out something wrong one of these fine mornings, or my name isn't Jones."

"Well," said Jerry pleasantly, "I suppose I need not find it out till it finds me out, eh? And if so, I'll keep up my spirits a little longer."

Then there came up a broad-faced man, dressed in a great gray coat with great gray cape and great white buttons, a gray hat, and a blue comforter loosely tied round his neck; his hair was gray, too; but he was a jolly-looking fellow, and the other men made way for him. He looked me all over, as if he had been going to buy me; and then straightening himself up with a grunt, he said, "He's the right sort for you, Jerry; I don't care what you gave for him, he'll be worth it." Thus my character was established on the stand.

This man's name was Grant, but he was called "Gray Grant", or "Governor Grant". He had been the longest on that stand of any of the men, and he took it upon himself to settle matters and stop disputes. He was generally a good-humored, sensible man; but if his temper was a little out, as it was sometimes when he had drunk too much, nobody liked to come too near his fist, for he could deal a very heavy blow.

The first week of my life as a cab horse was very trying. I had never been used to London, and the noise, the hurry, the crowds of horses, carts, and carriages that I had to make my way through made me feel anxious and harassed; but I soon found that I could perfectly trust my driver, and then I made myself easy and got used to it.

Jerry was as good a driver as I had ever known, and what was better, he took as much thought for his horses as he did for himself. He soon found out that I was willing to work and do my best, and he never laid the whip on me unless it was gently drawing the end of it over my back when I was to go on; but generally I knew this quite well by the way in which he took up the reins, and I believe his whip was more frequently stuck up by his side than in his hand.

In a short time I and my master understood each other as well as horse and man can do. In the stable, too, he did all that he could for our comfort. The stalls were the old-fashioned style, too much on the slope; but he had two movable bars fixed across the back of our stalls, so that at night, and when we were resting, he just took off our halters and put up the bars, and thus we could turn about and stand whichever way we pleased, which is a great comfort.

Jerry kept us very clean, and gave us as much change of food as he could, and always plenty of it; and not only that, but he always gave us plenty of clean fresh water, which he allowed to stand by us both night and day, except of course when we came in warm. Some people say that a horse ought not to drink all he likes; but I know if we are allowed to drink when we want it we drink only a little at a time, and it does us a great deal more good than swallowing down half a bucketful at a time, because we have been left without till we are thirsty and miserable. Some grooms will go home to their beer and leave us for hours with our dry hay and oats and nothing to moisten them; then of course we gulp down too much at once, which helps to spoil our breathing and sometimes chills our stomachs. But the best thing we had here was our Sundays for rest; we worked so hard in the week that I do not think we could have kept up to it but for that day; besides, we had then time to enjoy each other's company. It was on these days that I learned my companion's history.